It is a class of warp pile structure in which certain warp ends are made to form loops on the surface of the cloth.
Only one series of weft threads is used but the warp consists of two series of threads the ground and the pile.
The former produces the ground cloth from which the loops formed by the pile ends project.
The loops may be formed on one side only or on both sides of the cloth thus producing single sided and double sided structures respectively.
Any one pile thread may alternate between the face and back of the cloth.
The structure is eminenlty suitable for towelling purposes as the long, free floats of yarn, if made from absorbant material, are capable of wicking up readily large amount of moisture.
The material best suited for this purpose is cotton which not only absorbs moisture easily but also stands up well to frequent and severe laundering which the towelling fabrics have to undergo.
Formation of the Pile
The formation of terry pile depends upon the creation of gap between the fell of the cloth and two succeeding picks of weft.
The gap, the length of which depends on the height of the pile required, results in the formation of uninterlaced warp floats.
To form the gap two successive picks are beaten up short of the true cloth fell and produce a temporary false fell.
On the third pick of the group full beat up takes place. With this the three picks are pushed forward together to form the true fell projection.
During this action, the three picks are capable of sliding between the ground ends which are kept very taut.
However they are not able to slide similarly between the pile ends, first they are structurally locked with them and secondly because the pile warp at that moment is slack.
Therefore as they are pushed forward after the third pick, they pull a length of pile warp from the beam and at the same time force the excess length of pile yarn in from of them into a loop.
Thus in this construction, two beams are necessary. The ground beam is heavily tensioned while the pile beam is only under slight tension.
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